The National Association of Biology Teachers considers evolution to be the foundation for middle school life science. In the National Science Education Standards (NSES), evolution is an essential component of the science curriculum at all grade levels. How do you guide kids' understanding? What are the potential pitfalls? This chapter covers what you need to know based on the most recent research and advice about the teaching and learning of evolution. First, the author presents the National Science Education Standards, and then turns to current research on some of the best ways to teach evolution. Finally, the author tells what researchers know about how kids learn about evolution and ways to use this knowledge when you teach, whether in informal or formal settings.