This chapter arises from an opportunity to pause and reflect on biology education in the past and what it will be in the immediate future. Four themes are featured that address the topic of biology education—implementation of fundamental biological ideas, basic scientific thinking, social contexts for biology and teaching, and biology education and the scientifically literate citizen. It advocates expressing the nature of science in terms of scientific inquiry, keeping inquiry central to the classroom, and using a curriculum framework based on key biological concepts to incorporate current issues into teaching.